I. Test Overview
Automobiles, as complex industrial products, have increasingly complex vehicle systems as people’s demands for vehicle control, entertainment, navigation, and in – vehicle communication grow. The control system of an automobile is based on electronic equipment, and the reliability of its electronic components directly determines the safety and operational reliability of the entire vehicle. Generally speaking, the usage environment can affect the durability and operational performance of electronic equipment and units. Therefore, the environmental reliability of automotive electronic components has become one of the core issues of automotive reliability.
Currently, automotive electronic products are mainly divided into the following three categories:
(a) Electronic components, including GPS, speakers, automotive DVDs, reverse – radar, controllers, operational amplifiers, switched – mode power supplies, various microprocessors, computers, etc.
(b) Relays and electric motors, including various relays, wiper motors, electric antennas, air – conditioning motors, heater motors, electric seats, front – and – rear – view mirror motors, central – control door locks, alternators, cleaning – pump motors, etc.
(c) Various sensors. Among them, the development of sensors and relays is the most active. They are the two types of automotive electronic equipment most widely used in automobiles.
(a) Electronic components, including GPS, speakers, automotive DVDs, reverse – radar, controllers, operational amplifiers, switched – mode power supplies, various microprocessors, computers, etc.
(b) Relays and electric motors, including various relays, wiper motors, electric antennas, air – conditioning motors, heater motors, electric seats, front – and – rear – view mirror motors, central – control door locks, alternators, cleaning – pump motors, etc.
(c) Various sensors. Among them, the development of sensors and relays is the most active. They are the two types of automotive electronic equipment most widely used in automobiles.
II. Reliability Test Standards for Electronic Equipment
- ISO
In the International Organization for Standardization, ISO/TC22/SC3 is responsible for the standardization work in the automotive electrical and electronic technology field. The application environment of automotive electronic products includes electromagnetic environment, electrical environment, climatic environment, mechanical environment, and chemical environment. Currently, the ISO – formulated standard environmental conditions and test standards for automotive electronics mainly include the following aspects:
- ISO16750 – 1: Road vehicles – Environmental conditions and tests for electrical and electronic products – General.
- ISO16750 – 2: Road vehicles – Environmental conditions and tests for electrical and electronic products – Power supply environment.
- ISO16750 – 3: Road vehicles – Environmental conditions and tests for electrical and electronic products – Mechanical environment.
- ISO16750 – 4: Road vehicles – Environmental conditions and tests for electrical and electronic products – Climatic environment.
- ISO16750 – 5: Road vehicles – Environmental conditions and tests for electrical and electronic products – Chemical environment.
- ISO20653: Degrees of protection of automotive electronic equipment against foreign objects, water, and contact.
- ISO21848: Road vehicles – Power supply environment for electrical and electronic equipment with a supply voltage of 42V.
Currently, the environmental test standards for domestic automotive electronic products in China are mainly stipulated according to the technical conditions of the products. The National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC114) is formulating corresponding national and industrial standards with reference to ISO standards. ISO standards are widely adopted by European and American vehicle manufacturers, while Japanese vehicle manufacturers’ requirements deviate significantly from ISO standards. To ensure that the standard limits are met, the internal environmental condition standards of each vehicle manufacturer are generally more stringent than those of ISO.
- AEC Series Standards
In the 1990s, Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors established the Automotive Electronics Council (AEC) to establish a set of common part qualification and quality system standards. The AEC established quality control standards. The AEC – Q – 100 chip stress test certification specification was the first standard of the AEC. AEC – Q – 100 was published in 1994. Since parts that comply with the AEC specification can be simultaneously adopted by the three vehicle manufacturers mentioned above, it has promoted the willingness of component manufacturers to exchange product characteristic data and has driven the implementation of automotive part commonality, making the AEC standards gradually become the universal test specification for automotive electronic components. After more than 10 years of development, AEC – Q – 100 has become a universal standard for automotive electronic systems. After AEC – Q – 100, specifications such as AEC – Q – 101 for discrete components and AEC – Q – 200 for passive components, as well as guiding principles such as AEC – Q001/Q002/Q003/Q004, have been successively formulated.
3. Test Standards of Mainstream Automobile Manufacturers
- Volkswagen: VW 80101 Testing Conditions for Electrical and Electronic Installation Components, VW TL226 Technical Requirements for Automobile Interior Spray – Coated Parts.
- General Motors: GMW 3172 Requirements for Environmental Reliability Analysis, Design and Verification Procedures of Electrical and Electronic Components, GMN 10083 Interior Reliability of Plastic – Spray – Coated Parts.
- Mazda: MES PW67600 Technical Requirements for Electronic Devices.
- Ford: FLTM BI series standards.
Post time: Nov-08-2024
